gheis- and ĝheiz-d-

    gheis- and ĝheiz-d-

    English meaning: confused, shocked

    Deutsche Übersetzung: “aufgebracht, bestũrzt, erschreckt (sein)”

    Note: original resemblance with ĝhei-, ĝhei-s- in O.Ind. hinṓ ti etc. is very probably

    Material: Av. zaēša- “gruesome”, zōišnu- “ frightening, shuddering, shaking together (before frost)”, zōizdištō “ of the ghastliest, most hideous ones “ (superl. to a verb *zōiždü- “ make shudder “; see under ĝheiz-d-); Goth. us-geisnan “ erschrecken (intr.), außer Fassung geraten “, Kaus. us-gaisjan “ erschrecken (tr.), außer Fassung bringen “ (but O.Ice. geisa “ hervordringen, heranstũrmen “ from *ga-eisa); O.Ice. geiski n. “ fear, horror “. root form ĝheiz-dh-: O.Ind. hēḍ - “be angry with” (áhēḍant-, áhēḍamüna-ḥ, perf. jihīḍ a), hḗ ḍ a-ḥ m., hḗ ḍ aḥ n. “anger” (here also hēlatē “ is improvident “, hēlayati “ deride “, see under ĝhēi- “ yawn “), hīḍ ati “ excited, aroused, aggrieved “, Med. “is excited, aroused, angry “; Av. zōiždišta- (see above); O.H.G. geist (= O.Ind. hḗ ḍ a-ḥ) m., O.S. gēst, O.E. güst (gǣ st) m. “ghost (in contrast to the body); ũberirdisches gespenstiges Wesen “ (so esp. Eng. ghost “ghost”), O.E. gǣ stan (*gaistjan) “frighten” (tr.), Eng. aghast “ agitated, angry, irate”, ghastly “ grisly, terrible, dreadful”. That in the meaning exact attuning O.C.S. žasnǫ ti “frighten (intr.). stupefieri “, žasiti “frighten” (tr.), užasъ “fright” from *g(h)ōs- attunes in vowel and not in guttural.

    References: WP. I 553 f., Feist 531 f.